Classes of childhood adversities and their associations to the mental health of college undergraduates: a nationwide cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND@#Childhood adversities pose deleterious consequences on health and well-being, but limited studies explore whether unique patterns of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) impact the mental health of emerging adults and the mediating role of current stressful events (CSEs). This study examined classes of ACEs and how they relate to CSEs, psychological distress, and subjective well-being among Eritrean College undergraduates.@*METHODS@#Cross-sectional data on ACEs, CSEs, symptoms of psychological distress, and subjective well-being were collected from a national sample of college students (N = 507). We identified ACE patterns using latent class analysis and further examined whether CSEs mediated the effects of ACE classes on psychological distress and subjective well-being.@*RESULTS@#86.4% of the sample experienced at least one ACE. Collective violence, domestic violence, and physical abuse were the most common ACEs. Three subgroups, low ACEs (66.3%), household violence (19.1%), and multiple ACEs (14.6%) were identified. We found that relative to low ACEs, household violence (β = 0.142, 95% CI 0.046, 0.248) and multiple ACEs (β = 0.501, 95% CI 0.357, 0.666) indirectly influenced psychological distress through CSEs, and CSEs mediated the relationships between household violence (β = -0.096, 95% CI -0.176, -0.033), multiple ACEs (β = -0.338, 95% CI -0.498, -0.210), and subjective well-being. However, there were nonsignificant relative direct effects of ACE patterns on both psychological distress and subjective well-being.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Experiencing multiple ACEs and household violence in conjunction with CSEs significantly predict psychological distress and subjective well-being. Contextual interventions for the early identification of ACEs and the management of CSEs may play a crucial role in the prevention of mental health problems.

NUTRITION AND ANTIBIOTICS TREATMENT FOR ACUTE RADIATION DAMAGE / 营养学报

Eight adult dogs distributed equally into control and therapy groups were fed on stock diet for 20 days and then irradiated whole-bodily with 60Co 4.65 Gy. After irradiation the control group was not given any therapeutic measure but fed on the diet as usual, while the therapy group was given with a larger amount of vitamins and high-caloric and high-protein diet, and sometimes force feeding was taken if the latter showed sign of anorexia. Whether higher values of nonprotein nitrogen in serum of two dogs in restored period and diarrhea happened in the therapy group were attribute to The treatments such as high-protein diet and force feeding were still unknown, the curing effects of nutrition and antibiotics were distinct as shown in that the body weight was easily maintained, and that the anemia and leucopenia wereless severe and recovered early. Moreover, within 30 days both the ther apy andcontrol groups one dog died respectively but survival time of the former was longer than the latter.

STUDIES ON NiTROCGEN METABOLISM DURING ACUTE RADIATION DAMAGE / 营养学报

Studies on nitrogen metabolism in rats and dogs during acute radiation damage were made, the main results being shown as follows:1. Rats given 630 r whole body radiation showed marked decrease of food intake, but their body weight losses exceeded substantially those of non-radiated rats in pair feeding group. As compared with the latter, the former had more excretion of urinary nitrogem and negative nitrogen balance in the 1st and 2nd day following the exposure of X-ray.2. Four adult male dogs were selected as experimental animals. After irradiation of 430 r,the daily intake of protein and calories were decreased and correspondingly the excretion of total nitrogen,urea nitrogen and amino nitrogen became increased, especially in the 1st and 2nd day.3. Three groups of dogs were fed to low, moderate and high protein diet respectively. Their nitrogen balance were different but normal, however, after irradiation of 400 r the nitrogen balances in the low protein diet group became negative whereas that in the moderate or high protein diet group in general was slightly positive.

THE EFFECT OF VITAMINS ON THE RESISTANCE TO ACUTE HYPOXIA / 营养学报

In an attempt to study the effect of vitamins on hypoxia, two experiments were carried out by using animal as follows: A) the survival rate and time in mice treated with nicotinamide alone or vitamin complex were investigated under the decompressed hypoxic condition simulated an altitute of 10, 500-11,000m. B) NAD+ in the heart and liver tissues as well as lac-tate, pyruvate and lactate/pyruvate (L/P) ratio in the brain of the rats given nicotinamide alone or vitamin complex were measured after asphyxic anoxia.By this study, the following results were obtained; 1) both nicotinamide and vitamin complex could prolong the survival time significantly (p

AN OBSERVATION ON NITROGEN BALANCE OF THREE PATIENTS OF CHRONIC RADIATION DISEASE / 营养学报

Three patients of chronic radiation disease having typical clinical symptoms were selected as experimental subjects. They took high-protein diet containing 1586-1669 kcal, 75.4-77.2g protein, 162.4-183.0g carbohydrate and 69.7-69.8g fat. Apparent digestibilities of protein, carbohydrate and fat in the diet were estimated as 85.9-87.3, 98.8-99.3 and 94.7-96.1% respectively. Nitrogen balances of three patients were -0.90, -0.31 and -0.01g per day. During that period, patients' body weight dropped 0.5-1.5kg.Afterward two patients received the diet therapy of a high-protein high-calorie diet specially prepared and given at six meals instead of four meals per day. The daily intakes of protein, fat, carbohydrate and calories were increased to 97.2g, 94g, 308-312g and 2467-2483 kcal respectively. The digestibility of protein in the therapeutic diet was slightly higher than that in hospital diet, but those of carbohydrate and fat did not change obviously. The nutritional status of two patients became better as shown by that the nitrogen balance turned positive ( + 2.37 and +2.93g per day) and the body weight increased.